Network Security Products Risk Assessment Report

Network Security Products LabNet Risk Assessment Report Submitted to Professor Tolson Capitol Technology University By Samantha Fitzpatrick Submitted: 28 June 2015 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Network Security Products (NSP) branch understands that classified, sensitive information cannot be protected unless it has the proper safeguards and security system in place. Capitol Technology University student, Samantha Fitzpatrick, has been tasked to conduct a risk assessment of the LabNet system. This Risk Assessment Report checks the systems/users provided to eliminate and mitigate any vulnerabilities found in the risk assessment. The scope of this risk assessment was limited to the security controls applicable to the LabNet’s environment. The baseline security requirements addresses security controls in the areas of computer hardware and software, data, operations, administration, management, information, facility, communication, personnel, and contingency for NSP. The LabNet system risk assessment was conducted in accordance with the steps described in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication (SP) 800-30, Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. The risk assessment of LabNet identified 6 vulnerabilities in the areas described above. These vulnerabilities can be mitigated with the recommended safeguards provided at the end of this assessment. 2 vulnerabilities were rated High, 2 were rated Moderate and 2 wereShow MoreRelatedThe Security Of A Home Network1352 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Report Yu Lun Chou 1730799 MADS 6638 Computer Security Admin. George Thucydides 4/26/2016 Table of content Introduction Inventory Vulnerability Test Protection Support Incident Response  Introduction Information play an essential role in everywhere. 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Pride And Prejudice By Jane Austen - 1399 Words

Pride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen is a satirical depiction of the social life and atmosphere of eighteenth and nineteenth century England, which at the time was predominantly concerned with the courtship customs of the English gentry. The novel, through Austen’s ironic and subtle writing style, is far more than just a romantic comedy, since it skillfully addresses and combines the political, economic, philosophical and feminist themes of its period with parody and drama to accentuate the overall basic plot of the story. The title of the novel is also an allusion that reflects and supports the running theme which is pride and prejudice. The story centers on an unlikely pair, Fitzwilliam Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet; both whom endure many challenges before coming together. Jane Austen dramatized the theme of pride and prejudice through the plot and the two main characters to portray how woman’s status in society and social ranking play an impor tant role as well. The author also wittily intends to use the opening line of the novel to introduce to the reader a satirical view of the institution of marriage, not love, concepts that were not necessarily closely related in early nineteenth century England. However, the concepts of pride, prejudice, and â€Å"universally acknowledged truth† are not only the central ideas of the novel, but they also foreshadow all the main events of the story and dictate almost all of the major characters’Show MoreRelatedPride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe 18th century novel, Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen, is a fascinating book about a young woman’s struggle with family and love. 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My first job experience Free Essays

I appreciate the most. I feel the individual who I respect most is A. R. We will write a custom essay sample on My first job experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now Raman. He is an composer, vocalist lyricist, music maker, performer and donor. For the duration of my life, music has dependably been a significant Impact. Music Is an exceptionally Imperative piece of our live, and the Individuals who make music are extremely extraordinary In this world. I appreciate A. R. Raman In light of the way that being a musical artist Is an extraordinary vocation on the grounds that the compensation is great, hard specialist and he got many awards. Most importantly, Raman is the extraordinary music composers in India. He is the writer and also an author and artist. Raman gets compensated as a rate of the quality his songs gets sold. He gets about RSI. 2 to 4 score for one film. The way it meets expectations for a top music author is this: he charges around 10 to 20 lake rupees for every tune; If there are six tunes, he gets paid RSI. 60 lake to 1 to 2 score. In Dalton to this Raman lives up to expectations hard to accomplish his objectives. For Instance when he Is nine his father was dead from that point he starts playing console and orchestrates groups, for example, Roots. He comprehended the console, piano, synthesizer, harmonium and guitar. He got many awards in India as well as in different nations too like Oscar for best melody in Slum dog Millionaire. In spite of the fact that A. R. Raman acquire a normal compensation of around 2 to 4 score for every film, this is just following 10-15 years of being in the music business. Before they achieve this pay, most artists likely battle Just to make a proper living and pay the bills. But at that point then there are plentiful, there are numerous different reasons, other than compensation, his dedicated nature and getting recompenses for his diligent work. How to cite My first job experience, Papers

Resources on Communication Disturbances †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Resources on Communication Disturbances. Answer: Introduction: In the given case, Andrew has been observed with different behavioral disorder, which is not normal functioning of an individual. The observed disorders of Andrew are related to the symptoms and signs of mental illness. Thus, he needs to be communicated properly, in order to overcome his situation. In order to deliver care treatment to Andrew, it is necessary to be engaged with him, by using the interpersonal skills management. The skills, which can be used to be engaged with him, are: Listening is one of the interpersonal skills, which can be used in treating the mental health patients. Active listening of nurses in the mental health treatment can help to analyses their situations, in a particular manner (Kidd et al., 2015). However, the choices of questions, to the patient need to be carefully chosen. As the listening skill of the nurses are considered as the therapeutic treatment, thus, it is important to interact with the patients with some questions. Active listening, in the given case of Andrew can help him to feel cared and respected, along with establishing a sense of trust and thus can help him to release his tensions and expressions. Touch, in case of Andrew can be used as the therapeutic communication and thus can help him to break the barriers of communication. Andrew can be communicated with the non-procedural touch, which can help to form a sense of affection and thus can help to burst out his mental stress. In case of Andrew, touch therapy can be used, however, with certain cautions. As Andrew has the hallucination that, people wants to create trouble for him, thus, the touch might frighten him with the same thought of fear. There are different therapeutic communication contexts, which are considered in the therapeutic communication with patients of mental disorder. Gender, values, attitudes, social status, beliefs need to be considered, while using the therapeutic communication with the mental disorder patients (World Health Organization, 2014). Andrew can be communicated with using the nonverbal communication of body gestures and facial expressions. In order to explore the nonverbal behavior of Andrew, body gestures and facial expressions will help to understand his situation and to deliver the feelings of empathy to him. Moreover, paraphrasing interpersonal skills can also be used, in order to communicate with Andrew. Paraphrasing includes speaking of the core message of patients in different words, in order to support the patient with therapeutic (Rogers Pilgrim, 2014). While with having interview with Andrew, different signs and symptoms have matched with the symptoms of mental illness. Moreover, the doctor has opined the symptoms and signs of behavioral of Andrew as the mental illness symptoms. The signs and symptoms, which have been seen in Andrew while during the interview, are: While having interview with Andrew, it has been seen that, Andrew was looking around and past, in order to look someone. He had clarified that; he can listen to the voices in the room, talking about him and has been sure that there were real people in the room. However, while the interview was going on, there was no one in the room. Andrew was hallucinating his imagination and thus, was imagining the voices, apart from the reality. The behavioral, which were observed during the interview, were matching the symptoms of mental illness of schizophrenia. The schizophrenia is a mental illness; in which, the individuals hears unreal voices and might face the situation of, dual personality (Taylor et al., 2014). As Andrew was listening the unreal voices, thus the opinion of doctor, of having psychotic disorder. Panic Disorder As from the observation, it has been seen that Andrew was feeling repetitively the fear of conspiracy against him. As he had described different evidences of conspiracy against him, like, moving of electrical equipments in his apartment, the discussions of other students with the lecturer, in order to get him into trouble, which were not real. All these described evidences, have been observed as his repetitive fear and thus match the symptom of panic disorder. The individuals facing the situation of panic disorder, generally, intermittent and imagines the repetitive attacks on them of intense fear towards them, which are not linked to any kind of reality (Kidd et al., 2014). As Andrew facers the same situation of repetitive fear of conspiracy and trouble fear in imagination and with hallucination, thus, the symptoms can be matched up with the symptom of psychological disorder, as opined by the doctor. As Andrew had been observed with the change in the general behavior of him by the doctor and as well as in the interview, with considering the unreal imagination of spy and transmitter chip in the head of Andrew, the signs can be related to the personality disorder. The individuals with personality disorder, faces the situations of extreme personality traits, which might cause problems in work of the individual (Ravesteijn et al., 2017). As Andrew has faced the problem of work, in relation to, degradation of his academic performance, thus, the signs can be related to personality disorder and psychotic disorder, as suggested by doctor. In order to make Andrew understand about the prescribed medication, he needs to be properly communicated. Communication can help to exchange the ideas and viewpoints and thus can help Andrew to understand the necessity of prescribed medication by the doctor to him. Using the efficient communication can help Andrew to have proper understanding on his mental disorder and the needs of prescribed medication, in his situation. In order to respond to the question of Andrew, on the reason for prescribing the medication to him effective and supportive communication management needs to be done. Andrew can be answered by explaining his situation briefly. However, the individuals with mental illness generally do not believe that they need any kind of treatment. In such responses, Andrew needs to be responded positively (Ravesteijn et al., 2017). The positive communication can be used by using the non-verbal communication, such as listening and touch. The therapeutic communication of touch can help him to gain trust and thus can help him to sense of care for him. Gaining the concern of care from us can help him to trust in use of prescribed medication by doctor. In order to respond his question, he needs to be concretely explained about his disease. Andrew might refuse to accept his disease; however, he needs to be explained about the use of medication in his case. The medication use in his situation will help him to understand that, it is for his better health. Andrew will be idealised by the doctor that with the medication and prescribed solutions by doctor will help him to enhance his health status. However, the way of communication to Andrew is the necessary part, which needs to be cared properly. Andrew needs to be supported mentally. Convincing him that, taking medication will not harm him, however, can improve his health issues can help him to understand the necessity of prescribed medication. As Andrew has to be convince, in order to use of medication in his case, thus he needs to be listened properly. Based on his needs, he might be given chances to be treated with his choice of health professionals. Andrew can be convinced with supporting him with therapeutic communication tools of verbal and nonverbal communication. He will be explained that, taking medications will help him to improve his academic performances. Moreover, Andrew needs to be explained his situation truthfully, in order to support him in all aspects. Andrew needs to be informed about his disease and the treatments properly, in order to support him. He can be treated with antipsychotic medications. In order to support him towards improving his situation properly, proper care treatments need to be done. In order to support him, he needs to be monitored properly and thus can have care treatments, based on the monitoring observation. The care planning of Andrew includes: Goals and Identification of basic needs Based on the type of psychotic disorder, the goals and basic needs need to be maintained. Maintenance of basic needs of Andrew will help him to support mentally and psychologically. The goals of treating Andrew need to be set, in order to treat him with medication compliance. The behavior of Andrew needs to be analysed, in order to support him with proper medication. Psychotic disorder might be caused, because of sleeping disorders. The behavior assistance can include the sleeping assessments, general behavior assessments, relationship assessment and other behaviors, in order to provide him the behavioral therapeutic treatment care (Boyd et al., 2014). As Andrew will be treated with the medication and other therapeutic treatment, like, meditation, thus, he needs to follow a proper diet chart, based on his medication doses and his health issues. Andrew needs to be regularly monitored with identification of the needs and requirements, which should be changed. The changes will depend on the effect of the medication and the therapeutic treatment on him. His improvements and monitoring of situations will be discussed with the multidisciplinary team of health care professions. The multi-disciplinary team of health professions, in case of Andrew will include dietician, psychiatrist, psychotic disorder nurses, psychotic doctors and others (Le et al., 2017). The required changes will be done based on the consultation of the multidisciplinary team of Andrew. Based on the observation and monitoring management, the required changes will be applied in treatment of Andrew. The treatment specification will also be chosen, based on the observation of Andrew's monitoring, in order to support him in accordance to nest treatment care practices. The observed changes and improvements will be recorded, in order to analyse his situation and thus delivering proper care treatment based on the improvements. Andrew will be informed with the monitoring changes and the medication information. He will be treated with regular exercises, meditation, in order to release his stress. The records on his health status will be documented, in order to analyse the needed changes and barriers, which can restrict in his health status improvement. The nurses will help him to analyse his decision-making assessment, in order to support him psychologically. References Boyd, J. E., Adler, E. P., Otilingam, P. G., Peters, T. (2014). Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale: a multinational review.Comprehensive Psychiatry,55(1), 221-231. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2014). From experience to action in recovery-oriented mental health practice: A first person inquiry.Action Research,12(4), 357-373. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 181-192. Le, T. P., Najolia, G. M., Minor, K. S., Cohen, A. S. (2017). The effect of limited cognitive resources on communication disturbances in serious mental illness.Psychiatry research,248, 98-104. Ravesteijn, B., Schachar, E. B., Beekman, A. T., Janssen, R. T. J. M., Jeurissen, P. P. (2017). Association of cost sharing with mental health care use, involuntary commitment, and acute care.JAMA psychiatry,21(19), pp.18-26. Rogers, A., Pilgrim, D. (2014).A sociology of mental health and illness. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Taylor, G., McNeill, A., Girling, A., Farley, A., Lindson-Hawley, N., Aveyard, P. (2014). Change in mental health after smoking cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis. 21(3), pp.348-363. World Health Organization. (2014).Social determinants of mental health. London: World Health Organization.

An Overview of the Declaration of Pillnitz

An Overview of the Declaration of Pillnitz The Declaration of Pillnitz was a statement issued by the rulers of Austria and Prussia in 1792 to try and both support the French monarchy and forestall a European war as a result of the French Revolution. It actually had the opposite effect and goes down in history as a terrible misjudgment. The Meeting of Former Rivals In 1789, the French Revolution had seen King Louis XVI of France lose control of an Estates General and a new citizen government form in France. This didnt only anger the French king, but most of Europe, who were monarchies less than pleased about citizens organizing. As the revolution became more extreme in France, the king and queen became practical prisoners of the government, and calls to execute them grew. Concerned about both the welfare of his sister Marie Antoinette and the status of brother in law King Louis XVI of France, Emperor Leopold of Austria met with King Frederick William of Prussia at Pillnitz in Saxony. The plan was to discuss what to do about the way the French Revolution was undermining royalty and threatening family. There was a strong camp of opinion in western Europe, led by members of the French aristocracy who had fled the revolutionary government, for armed intervention aimed at restoring the full powers of the French king and the whole of the ‘old r egime’. Leopold, for his part, was a pragmatic and enlightened monarch who was attempting to balance his own problem-riven empire. He had followed events in France but was afraid intervention would threaten his sister and brother in law, not help them (he was completely right). However, when he thought they had escaped he rashly offered all his resources to aid them. By the time of Pillnitz, he knew the French royals were effectively prisoners in France. The Aims of the Declaration of Pillnitz Austria and Prussia were not natural allies given recent European history, but at Pillnitz they reached an agreement and put out a declaration. This was couched in the diplomatic language of the day, and had a double meaning: taken at face value it issued a rebuke to the revolutionary government, but in practice was meant to produce a limitation on calls for war, restrict à ©migrà © princes and support the royal party in France. While it stated that the fate of the French Royals was of â€Å"common interest† to Europe’s other leaders, and while it urged France to restore them and made threats if harm came to them, the subtext was in the section saying Europe would only take military action with the agreement of all the major powers. As everybody knew Britain would have nothing to do with such a war at that point, Austria and Prussia were, in practice, not tied to any action. It sounded tough but promised nothing of substance. It was a piece of clever wordplay. It was a total failure. The Reality of the Declaration of Pillnitz The Declaration of Pillnitz was thus designed to assist the pro-royal faction in the revolutionary government against the republicans rather than threaten a war. Unfortunately for the state of peace in Europe, the revolutionary government in France had developed a culture that did not recognize subtext: they spoke in moral absolutes, believed that oratory was a pure form of communication and that cleverly written text was disingenuous. Thus the revolutionary government, especially the republicans agitating against the king, were able to take the Declaration at face value and portray it as, not just a threat, but a call to arms. To many scared Frenchmen, and to many agitating politicians, Pillnitz was a sign of invasion and contributed to France engaging in a pre-emptive declaration of war and the mirage of a crusade to spread liberty. The French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars would follow, and both Louis and Marie would be executed by a regime made even more extreme by Pillni tz.

Ads As Entertainment Example

Ads As Entertainment Example Ads As Entertainment – Coursework Example Entertainment is both the blessing and the curse of a copy Is it conceivable that ads that merely entertain could actually prove valuable in stimulating sales? If so, how?In advertising, it is considered most important to build brand identity and name recognition for a product, even when this is done by associating popular ideas, people, and events with a product that they generally have no relation to functionally. A good example of this is the use of sports stars in commercials for breakfast cereals such as Wheaties. While sports and a good breakfast are surely related on one level, the advertising campaign takes the dominant ideas from the symbol of the athlete and transfers it over to the product, in this case the breakfast cereal, but it could be anything, a car, a cell phone, or a commodity. The advertising campaign is designed to merge ideas and associations in people’s minds, for example building on the image of strength, success, and popularity as represented by the a thlete that then becomes part of the brand identity of the product. In many ways, this is easier to do with imagery than pure copywriting in advertising, and this explains why so many companies place large budgets in generated media ads for their products. Through the increased name recognition, the sales of the product also increase, even if there is no real logic to the way that the name association was built through the celebrity promotion of the advert.Ads that merely entertain the viewer can be highly successful in building this type of brand identity and name awareness in a consumer market. Yet, the campaign can also backfire if not written correctly. For example, Microsoft recently hired the famous comedian Jerry Seinfeld to do a series of ads for them. Seinfeld is a comedian and entertainer and the ad campaign was designed around the idea of entertaining the viewer of the TV commercial in the same manner that a sitcom entertains the audience. However, in this ad campaign, th e copywriters evidently missed their mark in entertaining the audience and instead, bored and confused them. As Computerworld blogger Preston Gralla wrote in review, â€Å"I just saw Microsofts much ballyhooed Jerry Seinfeld ad, and can say without equivocation its one of the worst, most pointless ads in history... The entire spot plays off a lame joke about Bill Gates buying cheap shoes at a cut-rate discount store. The ad isnt funny, has absolutely no point, and is about as boring a minute and a half as youll ever spend.† (Gralla, 2008) The Microsoft Seinfeld-Bill Gates ad went viral after it was released on the internet, being reviewed and discussed by bloggers across the web who commented how unusual, unorthodox, and even boring that the ad was, giving Microsoft millions of dollars in free publicity that it would not have ordinarily received with a typical ad campaign. Thus, advertisements that entertain can build brand and name recognition for a product or company, as we ll as leading to discussion in other contexts that builds marketing buzz. In the modern media environment, this is a good strategy for targeting the complex consumer.Source:Gralla, Preston. (September 5, 2008). Is Microsofts Seinfeld spot the worst TV ad ever?. Computerworld. Retrieved from http://blogs.computerworld.com/is_microsofts_seinfeld_spot_the_worst_tv_ad_ever

Implementing Strategic Sourcing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Implementing Strategic Sourcing - Assignment Example The C&C Company outsourced its Human Resource functions to a US based company XperTrans. However, the client did not get what they wanted by outsourcing their HR functions because of the inability of the supplier to undertake the contract. The escalation of commitment to the IT enabled HR business project occurred because the client was not in any position to meet the requirements of the tender. In fact, the supplier, XperTrans was only 10% into the Human Resource Outsourcing business, meaning that they only took this contract as a way of expanding their business strategy. In addition, the big client that the company netted through this contract was another way of creating a reputable brand image for the supplier, especially in the field of HRO The failure of the contract began by the lack of incorporation of the operations department in drafting the contract. The XperTrans left the whole project in the hands of the sales department, which only talked big in order to please the client, but did not consider the ability of the operations department in rolling out the contract. Furthermore, company used a US based software program to undertake all its HRO solutions in all the countries which the client had subsidiaries. This was a wrong move, as the program does not work similarly across all countries due to the specific differences in laws and legal procedures of each EMEA region. As such, it was impossible for the supplier to consolidate all its services, especially the payrolls of all the employees. The ambitious nature of this contract is what led to is massive failure.

Positive Communication Climate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Positive Communication Climate - Essay Example This can determine if they are willing to communicate when another time for interaction between them comes. Positive communication has the power to attract people to others. People, therefore, must learn how to interact. It concerns the importance of the improvement of social, personal and professional relationships. This paper will review such importance, and how it affects people around the world today. There is need to have established guidelines that help create a wonderful communication climate. This means that without these guidelines there would probably be limited interactions among people in the world. Thus, personal relationships would be affected. Social understanding among people would deteriorate and professional relationships would be jeopardized in this case (Adler, 2010). This has been the case for many decades. It may probably be the case for many more decades to come. One of the communication guidelines that exist is trust. For people to live harmoniously there must be trust. This is what the main relationship’s foundation is based on. Professionally, an organization must have trust among its employees so that everything can get done in a proper way. This is the only way that the organization can grow and withstand the test of time. Trust enables one to understand that the other party in the organization can act as promised and hold up the end of the bargain (Adler, 2010). Openness can enable the communication climate to be much better. This is because no secrets that may cause harm to others are being held back. It is where the disclosure of information is very open (Adler, 2010). It ensures that people are at liberty to protect each other from harm with the full disclosure of information. The openness allows the expression of feelings in any relationship, which is quite important. In personal relationships, openness can determine whether it will grow and flourish or die down. Being supportive is another way to improve communication am ong people. The decisions made in everyday life can be made much easier if support is received from those around the decision maker. This support system can create avenues for all the rest to be heard. They can use this avenue to put some of their suggestions across. Information is better exchanged in a supportive communication channel (Adler, 2009). This means that, professionally, support can lead to the creation of the perfect working environment. In a personal relationship, the advantages brought on by being supportive from either party ensure the relationship’s growth. This is because each party looks up to the other party for support in everything they do. If they do not agree on something, they have to find an amicable solution to the presented situation (Adler, 2009). Investment from all parties involved in any relationship must be made at all times. This provides better understanding among everyone. In professional relationships, the time taken in an organization is tantamount in knowing what the organization needs to get better. Personal relationships need investment to ensure that all parties get what they desire. Without it, there is a risk that the parties involved may feel unappreciated. This may lead them to be unresponsive. Being unresponsive can ruin any communication climate that may have existed in the relationship (Kanu, 2010). Professionally, an organization can let an unresponsive employee go. So can a partner in a personal relat

Patriarchy in daily life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patriarchy in daily life - Essay Example This is majorly due to the sharia, which outlines and controls the way a Muslim woman should be accustomed to live her life (Elwazer and Maktabi). Sharia rules in this institution have clearly spelt out between the difference between men’s and women’s roles, obligations, and rights. For instance, women are not allowed to be behind the wheels or women cannot leave the house without informing their husbands. Saudi Arabia is without doubt a patriarchal institution evidenced by the numerous legislation that has been enacted to give men an upper hand in almost all decisions that affect their women. The article reveals how women in the society are mandated to stay at home leaving them exclusively dependent on their men. Additionally, Saudi Arabia is also among the few states that lacks female legislators. Solely their male counterparts, conforming to definition of patriarchy, do all laws being enacted in parliament. Similarly, women have to have their husband consensus on issues such as family planning. Furthermore, like many other Islamic states, the article indicate how women face restrictions in education opportunities and only promote. Patriarchy is still profound in the society, which is revealed by the oppression that Muslim women

Switched Mode Power Supply Engineering Essay

Switched Mode Power Supply Engineering Essay ABSTRACT Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is the most prevailing architecture for DC power supply in modern systems, primarily for its capability to handle variable loads. Apart from efficiency the size and weight of the power supplies is becoming a great area of concern for the Power Supply Designers. In this thesis an AC to DC converter SMPS circuit, having a power MOSFET for switching operation and a PWM based Feedback circuit for driving the switching of the MOSFET, is designed and simulated in NI MULTISIM circuit design environment. Further the same circuit is Hardware implemented and tested using NI ELVIS Suite. In this design the line voltage at 220V/50Hz is taken as input, this voltage is stepped down, rectified and passed through filter capacitor to give an unregulated DC voltage. This unregulated voltage is chopped using a MOSFET switch, driven by PWM feedback signal, to control the output voltage level. An Isolation Transformer is used to isolate the DC output from input supply. The transformer output is again rectified by the high frequency Diode bridge rectifier and is filtered using a capacitor to give the regulated DC output. A Voltage regulator is connected to give the precise voltage output. The feedback network generates a high frequency PWM signal to drive the MOSFET switch. The dc voltage at the output depends on the width of the switching pulse. The pulse width is varied with the changes in the DC output voltage level, this change in the pulse width cancels the output voltage change and the SMPS output remains constant irrespective of load variations. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION Power Electronics is the art of converting electrical energy from one form to another in an efficient, clean, compact, and robust manner for convenient utilisation. The never ending drive towards smaller and lighter product poses serious challenges for power supply designers. The aim of the project is to design, test and implement a switched mode power supply (SMPS) circuit for AC to DC conversion, having a power MOSFET for switching operation and a PWM based feedback circuit to drive the MOSFET switch using NI MULTISIM circuit design environment and NI ELVIS Breadboard. Figure1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM :: SMPS CHAPTER 2 THEORITICAL BACKGROUND 2. THERORITICAL BACKGROUND Power Supplies: A power supply is a component, subsystem, or system that converts electrical power from one form to another; commonly from alternating current (AC) utility power to direct current (DC) power. The proper operation of electronic devices ranging from personal computers to military equipment and industrial machinery depends on the performance and reliability of DC power supplies. Power supplies are circuits that generate a fixed or controllable magnitude dc voltage from the available form of input voltage. Integrated-circuit (IC) chips used in the electronic circuits need standard dc voltage of fixed magnitude. Many of these circuits need well-regulated dc supply for their proper operation. Even a commodity switch-mode power supply must be able to survive sudden peaks that far exceed its average operating levels. Engineers designing power supplies or the systems that use them need to understand their supplies behaviour under conditions ranging from quiescent to worst-case. Todays power supplies are driving to a level of efficiency never seen before, requiring design engineers to perform numerous specialized power measurements that are time-consuming and complex. The power supply is integral to virtually every type of line powered electronic product, and the switch-mode power supply (SMPS) has become the dominant architecture in digital computing, networking, and communications systems. A single switch-mode power supplys performance or its failure can affect the fate of a large, costly system. SMPS The prevailing DC power supply architecture in most modern systems is the Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS), which is known for its ability to handle changing loads efficiently. The power signal path of a typical SMPS includes passive, active, and magnetic components. The SMPS minimizes the use of lossy components such as resistors and linear-mode transistors, and emphasizes components that are (ideally) lossless: switch-mode transistors, capacitors, and magnetic. Like a linear power supply, the switched mode power supply too converts the available unregulated ac or dc input voltage to a regulated dc output voltage. However in case of SMPS with input supply drawn from the ac mains, the input voltage is first rectified and filtered using a capacitor at the rectifier output. The unregulated dc voltage across the capacitor is then fed to a high frequency dc-to-dc converter. Most of the dc-to-dc converters used in SMPS circuits have an intermediate high frequency ac conversion stage to facilitate the use of a high frequency transformer for voltage scaling and isolation. The high frequency transformer used in a SMPS circuit is much smaller in size and weight compared to the low frequency transformer of the linear power supply circuit. The Switched Mode Power Supply owes its name to the dc-to-dc switching converter for conversion from unregulated dc input voltage to regulated dc output voltage. The switch employed is turned ON and OFF (referred as switching) at a high frequency. During ON mode the switch is in saturation mode with negligible voltage drop across the collector and emitter terminals of the switch where as in OFF mode the switch is in cut-off mode with negligible current through the collector and emitter terminals. On the contrary the voltage-regulating switch, in a linear regulator circuit, always remains in the active region. Details of some popular SMPS circuits, with provisions for incorporating high frequency transformer for voltage scaling and isolation, have been discussed in next few lessons. In this lesson a simplified schematic switching arrangement is described that omits the transformer action. In fact there are several other switched mode dc-to-dc converter circuits that do not use a high frequency transformer. In such SMPS circuits the unregulated input dc voltage is fed to a high frequency voltage chopping circuit such that when the chopping circuit (often called dc to dc chopper) is in ON state, the unregulated voltage is applied to the output circuit that includes the load and some filtering circuit. When the chopper is in OFF state, zero magnitude of voltage is applied to the output side. The ON and OFF durations are suitably controlled such that the average dc voltage applied to the output circuit equals the desired magnitude of output voltage. The ratio of ON time to cycle time (ON + OFF time) is known as duty ratio of the chopper circuit. A high switching frequency (of the order of 100 KHz) and a fast control over the duty ratio results in application of the desired mean voltage along with ripple voltage of a very high frequency to the output side, consisting of a low pass filter circuit followed by the load. The high frequency ripple in voltage is effectively filtered using small values of filter capacitors and inductors. SMPS technology rests on power semiconductor switching devices such as Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET) and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT). These devices offer fast switching times and are able to withstand erratic voltage spikes. Equally important, they dissipate very little power in either the On or Off states, achieving high efficiency with low heat dissipation. For the most part, the switching device determines the overall performance of an SMPS. Key measurements for switching devices include: switching loss, average power loss, safe operating area, and more. Choice of Topology There are several different topologies for the switched mode power supply circuits. Some popular ones are: Fly-back Forward Push-pull Half bridge Full-bridge A particular topology may be more suitable than others on the basis of one or more performance criterions like cost, efficiency, overall weight and size, output power, output regulation, voltage ripple etc. All the topologies listed above are capable of providing isolated voltages by incorporating a high frequency transformer in the circuit. Applications of SMPS To reduce cost, size and weight of a power supply. TVs, monitors, PCs, laptop and camcorder power packs, printers, fax machines, VCRs, portable CD players, microelectronics-based devices in automotive, computing, communications, consumer electronics, and industrial applications use SMPS. 2.5 PWM Concepts PWM or Pulse Width Modulation is the modulation technique where frequency and Amplitude of the pulse signal is not varied and the pulse width or the duty cycle is varied to encode the information. A common use of PWM is to control the average current or Voltage input to a device. In this project the PWM Signal is generated as feedback control signal for driving the switching of the MOSFET switch. The output Voltage is taken as the reference level. A sine wave is generated using LMH6622MA OPAMP and 555 Timer. This sine wave signal is compared with the reference voltage using LM311 comparator, and the pulse width of the PWM is determined by this comparison. This switching period determines the voltage at the output. Thus if there is any change at the output Voltage, the corresponding change in the PWM pulse width will nullify its effect and the output voltage will be restored to desired value. Figure2.1 PWM wave generation CHAPTER 3 ELECRONICS DESIGN TOOLS 3. ELECTRONICS DESIGN TOOL 3.1 NI MULTISIM NI Multisim  or formerly  MultiSIM  is an electronic  Schematic Capture  and simulation program which is part of a  suite  of circuit design programs, along with  NI Ultiboard. Multisim is one of the few circuit design programs to employ the original  BerkeleySPICE  based software simulation. MultiSIM was originally created by a company named  Electronics Workbench, which is now a subsidiary  of  National Instruments. Multisim includes a microcontroller simulation module called MultiMCU, as well as integrated import and export features to the  Printed Circuit Board  layout software in the suite, Ultiboard. Multisim is the chief competitor to  Cadence  OrCAD, another electronic schematic design and simulation software. 3.2 Features of MULTISIM You dont need to be a SPICE expert to design with Multisim. With an intuitive capture environment and an easy-to-use interface to industry-standard SPICE simulation, Multisim software can help you immediately begin designing and validating your PCBs. You can prevent costly prototype iterations and lost development time, as well as ensure quality with simulation and measurements earlier in your design flow. The Multisim product family (Base,  Full,  Power Pro) provides a complete set of tools for professional PCB designers: Intuitive design environment Modeless wiring and placement Interactive virtual measurement instruments to view simulation and real signals Circuit wizards for automatically generating commonly used circuitry Rubber banding on parts/moves Fast-retrieval parts bin Easy export to  NI Ultiboard  for layout Complex designs can be accomplished with advanced Multisim features from 24 sophisticated SPICE analyses to a comprehensive component library all the while taking advantage of an easy-to-use design environment. Designers can incorporate the latest parts using a custom component wizard. They can also use NI LabVIEW measurement software to introduce real measurements into simulation for rapidly prototyping and testing designs. More than 16,000 components, all with models ready for immediate simulation Device models from leading manufacturers such as Analog Devicesâ„ ¢ and Texas Instrumentsâ„ ¢ Easy addition of new parts and simulation models Comprehensive suite of analyses, including Monte Carlo and Worst Case 3.3 NI MULTISIM 11 Multisim and Ultiboard 11.0 introduce a number of new features and enhancements to make capturing designs, simulating behaviour, and defining board layout faster and easier. Feedback circuit of this project work was designed in NI MULTISIM 11 and rest of the circuit was imported from version 10 to 11 and then integrated in MULTISIM 11 for final simulation. 3.4 NI ELVIS The National Instruments Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite(NI ELVIS) is a LABVIEW based-design and prototyping environment for Universities science and engineering laboratories. The NI ELVIS featuring an integrated suite of 12 instruments in one compact form factor is ideal for hands-on learning (http://www.ni.com/nielvis/). NI ELVIS is a primary component of the NI electronics education platform along with NI Multisim, the leading tool for SPICE simulation and schematic capture, and NI LabVIEW software. ( http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7159) 3.5 Components of NI ELVIS NI ELVIS includes 12 of the most commonly used laboratory instruments including an oscilloscope (scope), digital multimeter (DMM), function generator, variable power supply, dynamic signal analyzer (DSA), bode analyzer, 2- and 3-wire current-voltage analyzer, arbitrary waveform generator, digital reader/writer, and impedance analyzer in a single platform. This compact, yet powerful assortment of instruments translates into cost savings for the lab, both in terms of lab space as well as lower-maintenance costs.( http://zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/7159) Figure 3.1 Following Components were used for this project work:: Figure 3.2 The Function Generator Figure 3.3 Variable Power supplies Figure 3.4 Digital Multimeter Figure 3.5 Oscilloscope Figure 3.6 Complete Circuit Setup with NI ELVIS CHAPTER 4 COMPONENTS SELECTION 4. COMPONENTS SELECTION For NI MULTISIM 4.1 Power supply AC power Figure 4.1 Voltage RMS = 230V Voltage offset= 0V Frequency (f)= 50Hz Time Delay = 0ns 4.2 Step-Down Transformer Transformer Rated available in multisim Library Figure 4.2 Primary Voltage (max) = 350V Primary Current (max) = 5A Secondary Voltage (max) = 15V Secondary Current (max) = 1A Output Power (max) = 5kVA Primary to Secondary Turns Ratio = 20 Leakage Inductance = 1mH Primary Winding Resistance =1Ohm Secondary Winding Resistance = 1Ohm 4.3 Unregulated Rectifier 1J4B42 Single Phase Bridge Rectifier Figure 4.3 Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage (max) = 600V Average Output Rectified Current = 1 A Junction Temperature = -40 to 150 oC Peak Forward Voltage (max) = 1V 4.4 MOSFET for Switching Application BS170 N-Channel Enhancement Switching Transistor Low On- resistance High Switching Speed Low Capacitances Used for :: Analog and/or Digital Switch Switch Driver Converters/Choppers Figure 4.4 VDS max. = 20V VGS max. = +15/-40 V ID max. = 50 mA RDS (typ) = 25ÃŽ © ton = 1ns toff = 5ns 4.5 High Frequency Isolation Transformer Figure 4.5 4.6 Rectifier with high Frequency Diode IN4148, Fast Switching Diodes Figure 4.6 Repetitive peak reverse voltage = 100V Reverse Voltage = 70V Forward Voltage (max) = 1V Average Forward current = 150 mA Reverse Current (max) = 50 mA Breakdown Voltage (min) = 100V Diode Capacitance (max) = 4 pF Rectification Efficiency (min) = 45% Reverse Recovery Time = 8ns 4.7 Voltage Regulator LM7805CT 3 terminal-1A Positive Voltage regulator Figure 4.7 †¢ Output Current up to 1A †¢ Output Voltage of 5V †¢ Thermal Overload Protection †¢ Short Circuit Protection †¢ Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection Line regulation = 4-100mV Load regulation = 9-100 mV Quiescent Current = 5mA Dropout Voltage = 2V Peak current = 2.2 A 4.8 555 Timer Figure 4.8 4.9 LMH6622MA OPAMP Figure 4.9 4.10 LM311N comparator Figure 4.10 CHAPTER 5 TESTING CIRCUITS AND SIMILATION RESULTS 5. TESTING CIRCUITS AND SIMULATION RESULTS 5.1.1 Following Circuit was designed for AC-DC conversion Figure 5.1 5.1.2 Simulation Output of AC-DC conversion Figure 5.2 5.2.1 Circuit for Analysis of MOSFET Switch performance Figure 5.3 5.2.2 Simulation output for MOSFET Switch at 50kHz Figure 5.4 5.3.1 Circuit of Analysis of Voltage regulator combined with Rectifier Figure 5.5 5.3.2 Simulation Output of Voltage Regulator performance Figure 5.6 5.4.1 Open Loop Circuit Without Isolation Transformer Figure 5.7 5.4.2 Simulation Output of Open Loop Circuit Figure 5.8 5.5.1 Feedback Circuit Figure 5.9 5.5.2 Feedback Circuit Simulation Output Figure 5.10 5.6.1 SMPS Circuit Figure 5.11 5.6.2 SMPS Output Figure 5.12 CHAPTER 6 HARDWARE IMPLIMENTATION ON NI ELVIS 6. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION ON NI ELVIS The SMPS circuit designed in NI MULTSIM was further implemented in hardware using NI ELVIS as the suitable platform for circuit implementation and testing. 6.1 Component Used 6.1.2 Diode 1N4007 bridge Rectifier 6.1.3 BS 170 MOSFET Switch 6.1.4 Radio Transformer Isolation Transformer 6.1.5 Diode 1N4148 High frequency rectifier 6.1.6 555 Timer Square wave Generation 6.1.7 TLO6021 OPAMP Sine wave Generation 6.1.8 LM311 Comparator PWM Switch driver signal 6.1.9 LM 7805CT Voltage Regulator 6.1.1 Step down Transformer 1.6 AMP 12 0 12 configuration Figure 6.1 Figure 6.2 SMPS circuit on NI ELVIS 6.2 Simulation Outputs OPEN LOOP 6.2.1 Stepped Down AC Voltage from Transformer Figure 6.3 Stepped down AC input 6.2.2 Rectified Unregulated DC voltage from (IN4007) Diode Bridge Rectifier Figure 6.4 Rectified Unregulated DC 6.2.3 Output waveform from the Filter capacitor Figure 6.5 Unregulated DC From filter Capacitor 6.2.4 Chopped DC From the MOSFET switch Figure 6.6 Mosfet Chopped DC 6.2.5 Output from High Frequency (40-50 KHz) Transformer taking in chopped DC . This Transformer also Isolates input from output. Figure 6.7 High Frequency Transformer Output 6.2.6 Output from Bridge Rectifier designed from 1N4148 High frequency Diodes. An approximate DC signal Figure 6.8 High frequency Diode Rectifier Output 6.2.7 Final Output of the SMPS An stabilized voltage of 5 V maintained with aid of feedback mechanism and the Voltage Regulator LM7805 Figure 6.9 SMPS Output Feedback Circuit 6.2.8 555 Timer based Square wave generator circuit output 44.4Khz Square wave Signal Figure 6.10 555 Timer Generated Square wave 6.2.9 Sine wave generated from TLO6021 OpAmp based circuit taking as input the square wave generated from 555 Timer based generator circuit. Figure 6.11 Sinewave generated from Opamp TLO6021 6.2.10 The sine wave generated above is compared with the final SMPS Output And a PWM wave is generated to drive the MOSFET switch in a way that the output is regulated back to fixed desired value (5V) if it deviates. Figure 6.12 Feedback PWM Signal CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION Suitable components were selected and tested for desired performance. Functional verification was performed on combined circuit of the selected components for open loop network both in NI MULTISIM and on NI ELVIS. PWM based feedback network was successfully designed tested and implemented both in NI MULTISIM and in Hardware using NI ELVIS Suite. The Design and implementation of desired SMPS circuit was successfully completed.

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Prince Hamlet is depressed. Having been summoned home to Denmark from school in Germany to attend his father’s funeral, he is shocked to find his mother Gertrude already remarried. The Queen has wed Hamlet’s Uncle Claudius, the dead king’s brother. To Hamlet, the marriage is â€Å"foul incest.† Worse still, Claudius has had himself crowned King despite the fact that Hamlet was his father’s heir to the throne. Hamlet suspects foul play. When his father’s ghost visits the castle, Hamlet’s suspicions are confirmed. The Ghost complains that he is unable to rest in peace because he was murdered. Claudius, says the Ghost, poured poison in King Hamlet’s ear while the old king napped. Unable to confess and find salvation, King Hamlet is now consigned, for a time, to spend his days in Purgatory and walk the earth by night. He entreats Hamlet to avenge his death, but to spare Gertrude, to let Heaven decide her fate. Hamlet vows to affect madness—puts â€Å"an antic disposition on†Ã¢â‚¬â€to wear a mask that will enable him to observe the interactions in the castle, but finds himself more confused than ever. In his persistent confusion, he questions the Ghost’s trustworthiness. What if the Ghost is not a true spirit, but rather an agent of the devil sent to tempt him? What if killing Claudius results in Hamlet’s having to relive his memories for all eternity? Hamlet agonizes over what he perceives as his cowardice because he cannot stop himself from thinking. Words immobilize Hamlet, but the world h...

The History Of Gender Equality Education Essay

Gender is the most basic and outstanding difference that exists among people, whether they are Latino, inkinesss, white, Asiatic, native or European. The heroic poem battle for gender equality in about all states of the universe is good recognized and acknowledged. For centuries, adult females were considered inferior to adult females or as second-class citizens until late. Queerly adequate, really immature misss ne'er attended public simple schools and even when they admitted, they were made to go to a unintegrated school installation. The transition of 19th Amendment to the US Constitution guaranteed voting rights to US adult females. The famed, 1973 instance of Roe v. Wade in the US Supreme Court finally resulted in the granting of right to reproductive freedom.Essential Differences between work forces and adult femalesPhysical differences between work forces and adult females are all good known. However, the most outstanding difference among work forces and adult females relates to the sensitive biological maps that are associated with childbearing, kid nursing, early oncoming of adulthood and the smaller physical size. If there are any other differences, they are due to differences and prejudices caused by the society. Anthropologically, immature male childs were ever considered as warriors, combatants and defenders of the society and household. A typical adult male was supposed to be full of energy and strength. He was besides supposed to be competitory and self-asserting. Work force were besides supposed to be passionless and reject empathy, understanding, fright and cargo. On the other manus, immature misss were supposed to be nurturing and inactive towards everyone in the household. Furthermore, they were expected to demo and exhibit emotions and sentiments. Development ensured that immature work forces and adult females adapted themselves to these typical and stereotyped sentiments and beliefs. They besides considered these beliefs to be the natural order of life. The consequences of these stereotypic beliefs were a deep unease of the society that finally resulted in gender prejudice and bitterness.Educational differencesEarly educational research conducted in the last century proposed that there are indispensable differences between male childs and misss, particularly in the sphere of math, verbal and spacial accomplishments. However, recent research findings suggest us that these perceived differences are false and at best biased. For illustration, there are non adequate differences on category trials between school traveling male childs and misss until the age of 10. Whatever the differences those exist is really infinitesimal. There was a perceptual experience that indicated that work forces do better in math trials in high school. However, those differences are get downing to vanish, as even adult females are making better in Math trials. In kernel, whatever the biological differences that exist between work forces and adult females, they are non wholly due to biological grounds.Methods to dispute female stereotypesStereotypic thought is really common in our society. Gender prejudice, inequality and contempt for adult females ‘s authorization are some of the negative thought that runs even today. A typical illustration of this is the sensed alteration in the attitude about a female jock ‘s power and ability in the field and path events. In the early parts of the last century, females were discouraged from take parting in athletic plans. Athletic plans were non even listed in the athleticss meets, while the supp ort for such plans was really light and rare. In fact, adult females seldom participated in athleticss activities. However, all these changed when the authorities proclaimed that adult females should have equal support under the Title IX of the educational amendment Acts of the Apostless of 1972. Due to the alterations in the jurisprudence, adult females could take part in athleticss and competitory activities conducted nationally and internationally.How should teacher act when there is gender pigeonholing?Struggle for gender equality is ongoing and every instructor is lending to guarantee gender equality. In the yesteryear, there were cases of instructors falling into trap of gender stereotypic believing inclinations that finally led them to believe that male childs were superior to girls in topics like math and scientific discipline. Such instructors used to name male childs to reply their inquiries in the category and they were encouraged to execute good in verbal and non-verbal trials. Similarly, girl pupils were either neglected or even ignored. As a dedicated instructor, you should non fall into the trap of gender stereotype ; instead, you should be a powerful instructor to deter such activities. This may advance and promote a typical schoolroom that provides encouragement for both male childs and misss to execute better in the category.More about Racial Prejudice and DiscriminationGender favoritism in our society ever depends on many factors like differences between work forces and adult females, presumed male high quality myth and the society ‘s general prejudice against weaker groups. Overall, the sensed bias against some groups in the society could be due to the construct of power relationship that arises as an indispensable portion of socialisation procedure. When immature people grow, they ever start seeking for their personal individuality. When you grow through your age, you may inquire these simple yet slippery inquiries: Who am I? Why am I here? However, it is really hard answer these inquiries by anyone. While it is really hard to reply these inquiries, you may be unconsciously larning about other intricate inquiries like ; Who are they? Who they are non To which race does he or she belong to What civilization does he or she belong to These simple inquiries may give rise to sense of ‘otherness † which may finally take to either domination by others or entry by ego. It may even ensue in the creative activity of pride or shame based on the prevailing stereotype and biass as projected by the society. To avoid all these unsavoury occurrences, you may necessitate to inform your kids about the rich cultural heritage of the state, all the piece emphasizing on the importance of different races, ethnicities and cultural groups of the state.The Great â€Å" Cycle of Poverty †Black to white relationship provides a really pertinent context for understanding how power relationships reinforce through legion social and cultural stereotypes and prejudice. Research findings suggest is that African American kids frequently accept the beliefs, patterns and built-in values of the dominant white social groups. This could be unsafe because kids may develop and propagate negative stereotype and sentiment about their a in race, civilization and beliefs. The 1944 authoritative written by Gunnar Myrdal ( An American Dilemma ) has provided us a great start to understand the practical theory of the now celebrated â€Å" The War on Poverty † . Focused specially on the racism in the US, the writer argued that African Americans frequently are trapped in a â€Å" rhythm of poorness † that may finally take to the development of unwanted stereotypes and prejudice. Harmonizing to the writer, a figure of African Americans have small entree to high quality instruction that may ensue in decreased employment options and eventual poorness and life of hopelessness. This general belief may hold led to the stereotypic thought that African Americans are lazy and that they can non work good for any occupations. This prejudice may besides ensue in a barbarous rhythm of poorness. Federal and province governmental plans like Head Start and Affirmative Action were successful in helping those people enrolled in public establishments.How to interrupt the barbarous cycle- Your FunctionWhite persons may reenforce the rhythm of poorness by believing in the usual stereotypic thought of Blacks, Hispanics, Asians and other cultural groups. Queerly, a figure of pupils are blissfully incognizant of their ain individuality as a portion of a racial group and this has led to the theory of â€Å" colour blind † . The consequence is that as they enter school, so get down believing that they are the portion of the â€Å" in group † that are wholly different from other pupils, who appear diverse in footings of their tegument colour, sunglassess, textures, linguistic communication, idiom and cultural upbringing. It could be a unsafe state of affairs for all kids. At this critical occasion, you may wish to work towards making a reciprocally contributing and across-the-board schoolroom. You may besides wish to develop a schoolroom that really believes in the rich civilization of America. It is your responsibility to work hard to make a democratic schoolroom by learning your pupils to esteem the cultural fortes of different groups. Nature helps kids to socialise and streamline their attitude to move in some specific manner towards others. Normally, they may ne'er seek to understand who they are, but they will decidedly get down specifying themselves by who they are non ; this attitude may take to incorrect self-perceptions. In life, all kids would wish to see themselves as either colored or non-colored, male or female, dark or just, immature or old or native English talkers or non. They may besides wish to acknowledge other differences between themselves and other people. These may include such things as caste, faith, civilization, ethnicity, regionalism or even sexual orientation. A multi-cultural schoolroom will assist you avoid developing such a negative inclination among your pupils. Supplying text editions that are positive in nature and that discuss about the benefits of life in a merely society may assist you plan and make a cultureless schoolroom. A good instructor will besides seek to make a schoolroom that exhibits tolerance, forbearance and credence of all cultural groups. It is possible to make a demographic schoolroom that is tolerant and sensitive towards all people.Classism – It is the Stain of Materialistic CultureAs a kid starts turning into an grownup phase, he or she will obser ve the presence of important differences in the social place of their schoolmates. Some kids may be treated as being low in the category ; this may intend that they are really hapless. Traditionally talking, people consider stuffs wealth to be above everything in this universe. It is besides really common to see rich know aparting against working category or even in-between category households. Because of their inability to flash material wealth in forepart of others, they are considered as person who can non hold a position in the society. The media and society play an of import function in propagating this category difference. Media advertizement and selling publicity are the two of the most powerful tools that guide little and immature kids in believing that utilizing branded and dearly-won merchandises will heighten their societal position among their schoolmates. Most of the trade names that are promoted by Television, cyberspace and wireless advertizements are premium and expe nsive.Happening of poorness in the United statesOn paper, the US is one of the wealthiest states in the universe. However, there are broad wrappings of population that are populating under poorness line ; most people populating under poorness line are frequently referred to as working hapless or working category. If you consider the authorities ‘s ain figure, the entire figure of people populating in poorness is a galvanizing 40 million or about 15 % of the full population. Harmonizing to the US Census Bureau ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2000a ) , approximately 30 % of all African Americans, 28 % of Hispanics and 31 % of Native Americans are populating below the poorness line. A state as rich and every bit affluent as the US has many traditional myths under its belly – myths refering the continuity of poorness and misery are common even today. One of the most important myths that exist today is that those people, who are populating below poorness line, do non really work. Most of the people, who are populating in poorness line do work for low paying and humble occupations that do non supply for the minimal amenitiess and populating necessities. Hence, these people are trapped in ageless poorness. Though they are willing to work, their low educational degree every bit good as dearth in accomplishments, impede them from acquiring better paying occupations. Recent research shows that about two million people, who are populating below the poorness line do work full clip. Another 7 million people, who are below the poorness line, really work portion clip. However, the most distressful fact about these set of statistics is the sensed Numberss of kids, who are populating under low poorness. They are the guiltless victims of a state of affairs that is non their mistake. With really few resources in their manus like books, computing machines, survey stuffs, you can non anticipate them to win in their category. Most of the parents, who live under the poorness line, are uneducated themselves and they may non be able to fix their kids for the schoolroom. As a instructor, you may necessitate to assist such parents and instructors to acquire an entree to liberate survey resources like books, computing machines, public libraries, in school plans and any other benevolent plans that can heighten their accomplishments and intelligence.Childs who live under poorness line – Comparison with other statesA old survey by a US magazine called U. S. News and World Report, demonstrated that the entire Numberss of kids populating in our state is far more than those that live in other industrialised states. Even after, you consider all those public assistances and societal security plans, every bit many as one kid in every five live in poorness, which is a really high figure of about 21.5 % ! Just compare this statistics from other states – 6.8 % for Germany and France, 9.9 % for Great Britain and a really low rate of 2.75 for Sverige! This important study besides provides a revealing narrative of why affluent United states kids are wealthier than the richest kids anyplace in the universe – â€Å" Poor kids have less to populate on- than those in all [ industrialised states ] but Ireland and Israel † ( U. S. News and World Report, 1995, p. 24 ) . The available informations on those kids, who are stateless, are even more startling! Estimated figures suggest us that the entire Numberss of stateless kids in the United States range from 65000 to 500,000. When you add the about 14 million kids, who live in some type of Foster attention installations, you can conceive of the humungous nature of the job ( Jencks, 1994 ; Sandham, 2001 ) . Classroom classism could be one of the most barbarous and worst signifiers of favoritism. As a instructor, you may wish to eliminate this perfidy from your schoolroom.What can you make?As a dedicated American instructor, you can make many things to minimise and eliminate classism in your schoolrooms. Two illustrations of actions are as follows: Choosing good course of study stuffs that plan to minimise classism Choosing your ain actions that are good and merely for the full schoolroom Teaching about the achievements of working category and hapless people in the state edifice could assist you in minimising classism. Historical mentions about labour battle and racism could besides be your potent tools in this way. You may besides learn how foolhardy disbursement on stuffs that we do non necessitate, will take to material geting compulsion and uneconomical outgo. You must be a positive function theoretical account, who believes in high value public presentation, cooperation and indifferent and above all with a head to eschew philistinism. Make certain that you send out a positive signal to your kids.Journal ActivityMake you hold with gender inequality? Why female stereotypic thought can harm the larger involvements of a society? Do you experience inordinate gender stereotyping will harm your learning? What is your sentiment on biass and favoritism practiced in a schoolroom?Pause and ReflectInvent a mechanism to contend the Great Cycle of Poverty. Write down notes on why this construct is so critical for guaranting learning success in a traditional schoolroom. If you want to win as a good instructor, how to you face assorted cases of gender race favoritism that are so common in a school.Internet ActivityCollect more information on the Great Cycle of Poverty and happening of poorness among schoolchildren in the US. What is your sentiment on the Great War on Poverty? By utilizing the information, devise you ain function that will help you in interrupting down the barbarous rhythm of poorness.

Free Essays on Juvenile Boot Camps

Boot Camps Juvenile Boot Camps: A Bad Alternative Since their beginning in 1983 in Georgia, boot camps have spread to more than half the States and have gained a vast amount of appeal because of policies. Supporters of boot camps believe these camps rehabilitate offenders and curb future criminal behavior, as opposed to jails, which offers no chance of rehabilitation. Florida operates more juvenile boot camps than any other State in the United States. An important aspect of this program is not only the utilization of local resources but also the partnership local and State governments have created to promote community involvement. Boot camps have been shown to have some positive aspects; however, as an alternative, these camps have not proven to be as successful as local and state government anticipated. Boot camp programs are generally designed for young, nonviolent offenders with their first felony conviction. In 1989, the Florida statue pertaining to juvenile justice was revised, authorizing the creation of juvenile boot camps. These camps were to target â€Å"deep-end,† more serious offenders, in contrast to adult boot camps, which are typically designed for first-time, nonviolent offenders (F.S. Chapter 39). However, in 1994, the statue stipulated that eligible juveniles were those who had been committed to the department for any offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a felony, other than a capital felony, a life felony, or a violent felony or the first degree. The statue intended the programs to be an intensive educational, physical training, and rehabilitative program. The State set minimum standards for policies and procedures and serves as the foundation for State oversight of boot camp programs. Rehabilitation and cost are the goals most often pursued by correctional practitioners and policymakers (Parent, 1994). Juvenile boot camps revolve around many objectives: reducing recidivism, cuttin... Free Essays on Juvenile Boot Camps Free Essays on Juvenile Boot Camps Boot Camps Juvenile Boot Camps: A Bad Alternative Since their beginning in 1983 in Georgia, boot camps have spread to more than half the States and have gained a vast amount of appeal because of policies. Supporters of boot camps believe these camps rehabilitate offenders and curb future criminal behavior, as opposed to jails, which offers no chance of rehabilitation. Florida operates more juvenile boot camps than any other State in the United States. An important aspect of this program is not only the utilization of local resources but also the partnership local and State governments have created to promote community involvement. Boot camps have been shown to have some positive aspects; however, as an alternative, these camps have not proven to be as successful as local and state government anticipated. Boot camp programs are generally designed for young, nonviolent offenders with their first felony conviction. In 1989, the Florida statue pertaining to juvenile justice was revised, authorizing the creation of juvenile boot camps. These camps were to target â€Å"deep-end,† more serious offenders, in contrast to adult boot camps, which are typically designed for first-time, nonviolent offenders (F.S. Chapter 39). However, in 1994, the statue stipulated that eligible juveniles were those who had been committed to the department for any offense that, if committed by an adult, would be a felony, other than a capital felony, a life felony, or a violent felony or the first degree. The statue intended the programs to be an intensive educational, physical training, and rehabilitative program. The State set minimum standards for policies and procedures and serves as the foundation for State oversight of boot camp programs. Rehabilitation and cost are the goals most often pursued by correctional practitioners and policymakers (Parent, 1994). Juvenile boot camps revolve around many objectives: reducing recidivism, cuttin...

Examples of Bad Engineering in From the Earth to the Moon R.U.R. Metropolis & Transatlantic Tunnel essays

Examples of Bad Engineering in From the Earth to the Moon R.U.R. Metropolis & Transatlantic Tunnel essays OUTLINE According to H. Bruce Franklin, science fiction is "the only literature capable of exploring the macro-history of our species. . . in a cosmic context" (Science Fiction: The Early History, Internet) which suggests that man's place in the universe is dependent upon rock-solid scientific investigation and exploration. But as a literary/cinematic genre, science fiction can and often does contain inventions, ideas and theories based on pure speculation and pseudo-science. Some of the devices and instruments featured in many popular science fiction novels and films are in essence conceived through bad engineering, meaning that these devices and instruments are not practical nor possible according to present scientific knowledge. Out of all the novels and films written and produced within the last one hundred and fifty years, four stand out for their use of bad engineeringJules Verne's From the Earth to the Moon (1865), R.U.R. by Karel Capek (1921), Fritz Lang's Metropolis (1926) and Maurice Elvey's In the 1865 science fiction "classic" From the Earth to the Moon, Jules Verne, the author of other sci-fi novels such as Journey to the Center of the Earth and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, expresses his admiration for all things American, especially their ingenuity and desire for exploration. In this novel, the so-called "daredevil" Michel Ardan comes up with the fabulous idea of sending a man to the moon via a spaceship that is to be "launched" from the barrel of a huge gun. This spaceship is to be made of aluminum, and to launch their "shot" at the proper angle, the men involved in this scheme choose a site in Florida near the present-day Cape Canaveral. As a preparatory experiment, Verne's "astronauts" send a cat and a squirrel into space first and then plan to ...

The Tenth Amendment acts as a limit on Congressional powers Essay

The Tenth Amendment acts as a limit on Congressional powers - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Thomas Jefferson called the Tenth Amendment â€Å"the foundation of the Constitution†. Historically, the amendment was designed to limit the powers of the federal government, a concern highlighted by the tyrannical rule of King George III of England. While the wording of the amendment is simple and seemingly precise, its historical significance--and modern interpretation and use--continues to be a source of debate regarding its true meaning and intent. This paper will attempt to clarify questions regarding its interpretation, the current actions of the states to push back federal intrusion and, finally, the role of the United States Supreme Court in deciding these important matters. Ratified in 1791, The Tenth Amendment works to limit Congressional powers and guarantee that the states have primary control over matters that directly affect their citizens; over time, however, this clarification has eroded. The amendment expressly states that â€Å"powers not delegated† to the new federal government must be left to the states to decide. While the original intent is clear, however, its interpretation has been widened beyond the expressed attempt to limit federal intrusion. The debate continues in 2010 regarding the boundaries of the amendment’s authority. More recently, we can find U.S. Supreme Court cases addressing the powers of the Tenth Amendment. In 1995, the Court ruled that Congress overstepped its power by passing the 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act.

Does Machiavelli argue that people are we born either good or bad, or Essay

Does Machiavelli argue that people are we born either good or bad, or does he argue that a persons environment and experiences create his or her character - Essay Example The book is overall intended to be a guide for success for potential and acting leaders. Machiavelli is direct, to the point, and wastes little time on debating the morality and virtue of the judgments that a leader must be prepared to make, and, then, having made those judgment, must in fact act without hesitation. â€Å"A prince should have no other aim or thought, nor take up any other thing for his study, but war and its organization and discipline; for that is the only that is necessary to one who commands, and it is of such virtue that it not only maintains those who are born princes, but often enables men of private fortune to attain that rank (p. 421).† In this instruction, Machiavelli is offering the leader or potential leader – since he specifically says that following this advice can help a common man rise to the status of a prince – that in order to be a successful leader over the government, the armies that are governed, and the people, then a leader must be consistent and persistent in his study of the art of the war, because it is only a prince who is authorized to bring on and pursue war. What this specific instruction reveals about Machiavelli’s perceptions on human nature is that a leader must make a study of the art of war. That the leader must make a study of the art of war, is indicative that Machiavelli does not believe that the art of war, which some people may perceive as evil, comes natural to a leader or to a man. If Machiavelli believed that human nature was innately evil, he would not offer advice on studying the art of war because he would have concluded that the art of war was an art that would preoccupy the evil mind. In other words, that the art of war is destructive, deadly, and therefore warring would be a proclivity of a leader, who would therefore need no such instruction.

Globalization and the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization and the Society - Essay Example (Pros and Cons of Globalization, 2012) Most of the time globalization is used to refer to a particular specific aspect- economic integration throughout the world. This essay will examine the term of globalization, how it has been achieved, what benefits and drawbacks it brings to peoples’ daily life. Based on these facts and arguments, this essay will finally consider from different points of view whether globalization is good for society or not. Globalization began along with the time of the industrial age. Industries produced goods in a mass quantity without any specific market orientation; therefore they started to sell products across the board. Export became more efficient for business, so they wanted to replace production to a place with more affordable labor and cheaper production cost. Thus, replacing production location allows businesses to produce more at a cheaper price in a market where demand is higher. Free Trade Agreement allows free moving to industries among d ifferent countries; therefore it brings welfare to all countries for several reasons. First of all, globalization provides an opportunity for finance. Before globalization, businesses were limited only to domestic sources of finance from investors. But today, countries become closer therefore limitations on finance sources fall. In a global economy, entrepreneurs have an opportunity to gain investment form any country. For example, a company based in Mexico, can easily get investments from the US, Canada, Europe or Asia. This practice is becoming more common globally. This opportunity is available not only for developed countries, but also for developing countries. For example, African countries can gain funds form countless international sources like Kiva International, an organization that provides funding to poorest, allowing them to turn ideas into businesses (Faiola, 2009). Economic integration with foreign countries makes economic growth more constant and faster than those cou ntries that try to dissociate itself from all. China is a great illustration of international integration. To become a globally active nation, China has broken traditional principles of being individual and ignoring other countries. As a result, it could not be unnoticed that China is the fastest growing nation in the world nowadays. According to statistics, an open economy has a rate of growth of 2.5% higher than in a closed economy due to the process of globalization (Dreher, 2006). An open economy in this case has been achievable due to the globalization process that has taken place around the world allowing for different countries to financially interact with one another for mutual benefit. Business across the borders has proven to be a sustainable practice that allows the countries that practice to access markets that would have previously been inaccessible due to their location (Vujakovic, 2010). The open market has served to increase the financial wealth of a country as it ha s provided more opportunities to conduct business besides the local industries that are available. Globalization has enhanced the relationships that exist between countries thanks to their interaction with one another that has allowed them to get along and in the process reducing the prospect of war between countries (Scholte, 2005). Globalization has enhanced the bonds that exist between countries as they work together to enhance their financial and political strength meaning that there is little opportunity for them to come up with reasons for disagreements as they are in the process of working together for the common good of both of their nations. Improved relationships

Biometrics Essay Example for Free

Biometrics Essay Biometric Recognition or Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. It requires physically present at the point of identification. Identification based on biometric techniques lessen the need to remember a password or carry a token like a physical ID. Various biometric traits are being used for real-time recognition, the most popular being face, iris and fingerprint. However, there are biometric systems that are based on retinal scan, voice, signature and hand geometry. First, a user must be enrolled in the system so that his biometric template or reference can be captured. This template is securely stored in a central database. The template is used for matching when an individual needs to be identified. Depending on the context, a biometric system can operate either in a verification (authentication) or an identification mode. The biometric recognition system is a technology design to monitor the students’ official entry inside the campus. It will also serve as the Internet and Tool room access pass. With the issues concern on the monitoring of students, the researchers delve on the propose project study entitled â€Å"TUPT using Biometric Technology.† It will also be used to identify students who will use University facilities like Internet Center and Tool Room. This study will help the security system by adopting the biometric recognition to identify the bona fide students of TUP- Taguig. It will also track and manage the end user of Internet Center same with the borrower in Tool Room. Statement of the Problem This study would utilize the security systems in the campus. Several problems incurred in the campus wherein the security guards encountered difficulties in dealing with student’s admission. To a large extent, borrowing, monitoring and tracking of equipments by the students are also considered in this study. In view, the researchers prompted to conduct this study by enhancing the ID system in which the Biometric Recognition should be adopted. Objectives General Objective: This study aims to enhance the University ID system by adopting Biometric Technology. Specific objectives: 1.To create a system that will enhance the security of the campus using Biometric technology. 2.To develop a more efficient management and operation in ID system. 3.To gather information regarding the development of ID system in TUP- Taguig using Biometric. 4.To test and implement the effectiveness of said system in the campus.

Policy Making Processes in South Africa

Policy Making Processes in South Africa The National Government is accountable to the law making process regarding the rights and commitments of its citizens and delivery of services. The Constitution of South Africa provides in Section 43, three spheres of government in South Africa, namely, the National Government, Provincial Government and Local Government. In Section 40(1) of the Constitution it states that these spheres of government are distinctive, inter-related and inter-dependent. All three areas work under the Constitution as well as the laws and policies created by Parliament. Elected members sanction policies and laws as well as supervise the work of the departments. The department and public services are liable for the work delegated by government and are accountable to the Executive. In the Provincial Legislature, the Premier and Executive Council is responsible for the managerial executive and the administration is done by the Heads of Department and their staff. The local government or council are managed b y the Mayor and the Mayoral Committee and the administration is taken care of by the Municipal Manager, Heads of Department and their staff. The law making process The National Legislature is the authority that passes new laws, amend existing laws or repeal old laws. This same power exists for provincial legislatures in making provincial laws and municipal laws in respect of municipal by –laws. The process is as follow: Firstly, a draft bill is drawn up by the MEC, MPL or the standing committee. This is then published in the provincial gazette as well as other papers to notify the public. The public has 14 days to respond to the proposed drat. If there were any public comment, the department will make the changes. Secondly, the speaker will introduce the proposed Bill to the legislature. Thirdly, the legislature committee debates the bill. Public hearings can be hold and if there are any changes to the draft, it is referred back to the legislature. Fourthly, the Legislature debates the bill and a vote is then passed. The Bill is passed once a majority vote is in favour. If not, the Bill is rejected. Fifthly, the Premier of the Province signs the Bill into an Act. Lastly, the Act is published in the Provincial Government Gazette. The Role of the NCOP When a Bill is passed by the National Assembly it is given a number and referred to the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). The Bill is subject to the amendment proposed or rejected by the Council. The NCOP first needs to distinguished if the Bill contains issues that affects provinces (Section 76 Bill) or contains issues that do not affect the provinces (Section 75 Bill). If the Bill contains issues affecting provinces (Section 76 Bill) Members of the Select Committee approach their own provinces to review the Bill. Each provincial legislature gives a provincial mandate to make changes or leave it as it stands. Provincial representatives report back to the NCOP on their provincial decision. Then the selected committee negotiates the final version of the Bill, to report their decision or suggested changes to the NCOP. The NCOP considers the report, vote on the Bill and each province has a vote. It there are any proposed changes to the Bill, the NCOP refers it back to the National Assembly for approval. If the Bill contains issues that do not affect the provinces (Section 75 Bill) The NCOP considers the Bill, can either accept, reject or propose changes by the Select Committee. Each member of the NCOP votes according to their party decision. If the NCOP makes any changes to the Bill, it is then referred back again to the National Assembly for approval. If there are still differences in the agreement of the Bill, it can follow a mediation process. If this fails, the National Assembly can refer the Bill (Section 76 Bill) to the president to obtain a two thirds majority. If this does not happen the Bill falls away Once both houses accepts the final version of the Bill, it is then send to the President to be signed into an Act and law and then published in the Gazette. Once a law has been passed by the National Parliament it is up to the Provincial and Local Government on the implementation thereof The Role, Powers and Function of the Local Government in law-making According to Section 156(2) of the Constitution: â€Å"A municipality may make and administer by-laws for the effective administration of the matters which it has the right to administer†. The elected members to the municipality decide on the policies and by-laws for their area that needs to be approved and executed by law. The executive committee of the local council is accountable to present the by-laws. A by-law can only be passed if a majority vote in the municipal council was achieved, all members received reasonable notice and it was published in to elicit public comment. It must be understandable to the public. A by-law can only be imposed if it was published in the provincial gazette. Municipalities can prepare by-laws on matters that refer to Schedule 4B and Schedule 5B of the Constitution which gives Local Government the power to create and pass laws. Municipalities can also make laws on issues allocated by the National or Provincial Government. These issues depend on the category of the municipality to make these by-laws. A category ‘A’ municipality is referred to as a metropolitan municipality, a category ‘B† municipality is identified as a local municipality and a category ‘C’ is known as a district municipality. A metropolitan municipality makes by-laws on all affairs as listed per Schedule 4B and 5B of the Constitution and has the ability to make by-laws delegated by the Provincial or National Government. These affairs include by-laws affecting for example, air pollution, building regulations, local tourism and municipal planning, to name a few. These affairs are identified as Schedule 4B affairs. By-laws with regards to Schedule 5B is affairs that include display of billboards, keeping of cemeteries, licensing of dogs, markets and local abattoirs, to name a few. Local and district municipalities share the power to create by-laws. This has been controlled by the Municipal Structures Act. Section 84(1) of the Municipal Structures Act, states the powers and functions of the district municipality and obtained from Schedule 4B and Schedule 5B of the Constitution. According to Section 84(2) of the Municipal Structures Act, the local municipality has authority over all other local government matters not mentioned in section 84(1) in its jurisdiction. Examples are for instance on air pollution which is a Schedule 4B competency. A district municipality under section 84(1) has no power but the local municipality under section 84(2) has full power in the area of jurisdiction. The district municipality has no powers under Section 84(1) with regards to beaches and amusement facilities under Schedule 5B, but the local municipality under section 84(2) has full powers in the area of jurisdiction. THE ROLE, POWERS AND FUNCTION OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT IN LAW MAKING All nine provinces have their own legislature ranging from 30 up to 80 members depending on the number of votes received by the political party. The provincial legislature is accountable for making and passing laws for its province. The provincial government tables provincial Bills under Schedule 5B of the Constitution. These Bills must be accepted by the executive council and then published in the Provincial Gazette for public commentary. The provincial laws requires two thirds majority of the vote and are only operative in that specific province. An example is the ban on cell phones while driving in the Western Cape. A Bill is presented by the Speaker of the provincial legislature. The Standing Committee can invite public hearing and after consultation send a report to the provincial legislature. A vote is taken after the debate and the legislation is passed when a majority vote has reached. The Premier of the province has to sign the Bill into law. The Act then gets published and takes effect on the determined date. Provincial laws can be changed or interceded by Parliament if they challenge the interest of national or other provincial governments. According to the Constitution, provinces can have legislative and executive powers simultaneously with the national government over areas such as agriculture, cultural affairs, environmental issue, health services etc. Also, provinces has absolute proficiency over areas such as ambulance services, liquor licenses, provincial roads, planning and cultural matters